Multi-Cristeria Formula using LEFT and FIND and DATES and TIMES to refine criteria

I will see what I can come up with, but you need to avoid using full-column references in sumproduct - it will slow your file down. Rather, use only what you need, or use a dynamic reference.

Are you OK with using a helper column?

If you can use a helper (I used F2, down), use this
=LEFT(A2,FIND("-",A2,1)-1)
copied down

Then use this ARRAY formula, copied down...
=INDEX($E$2:E2,MATCH(MAX(IF($F$2:F2=F2,$B$2:B2)),$B$2:B2,0))
...confirmed by pressing CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER to activate the array, not just ENTER. You will know the array is active when you see curly braces { } appear around your formula. If you do not CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER you will get an error or a clearly incorrect answer. Press F2 on that cell and try again.

Alternatively, use the ARRAY formula without the helper...
=INDEX($E$2:E2,MATCH(MAX(IF(LEFT($A$2:A2,FIND("-",$A$2:A2,1)-1)=LEFT(A2,FIND("-",A2,1)-1),$B$2:B2)),$B$2:B2,0))

However, I dont understand how you get from E6, down

Which is probably where my question comes in...

However, I dont understand how you get from E6, down