calculating lates (time)

What you need to know about dates and times in Excel is that they are just numbers. 1.0 is midnight at the start of 1st Jan 1900. 1.5 is midday (12pm) on 1st Jan 1900. 43751.25 is 6am on 13th Oct 2019.
If you enter 23:52 without any date, Excel interprets that as the number 0.9944, which is greater than 0, which is the default 'midnight' or '12am' so appears as Late.

There are various ways of fixing this, as torachan says above, but the best one for you will depend on how your data is laid out.

So, please attach a sample workbook.
Make sure there is enough data to demonstrate your need but not so much that the file is too big (if you have 10,000 rows of data, you don't need to leave them all in, for example). Include before and after sheets in the workbook if needed to show the process you're trying to complete or automate. Make sure you include the answers you want to get - put examples in, with notes if necessary to explain details.
Remember to remove any confidential information or, if a cell needs data in it to work, overwrite it with made-up data.
The paperclip icon doesn't work at the moment, so click on Go Advanced under the reply box and then scroll down to Manage Attachments to attach a file.

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