Helper-free, non-volatile, pre-O365 selecting VISIBLE cells for other functions

Today's fun challenge...

Selecting ONLY visible cells for further processing.

We can use AGGREGATE(3,7,A2) in as a single-cell array, copied down to produce a helper column

We can use OFFSET and BYROW to do the same. However... can we come up with a FORMULA that:

a) does NOT need a helper
b) does NOT employ the volatile OFFSET function
c) does work in pre-O365 Excel products?

I've been mucking around with the AGGREGATE approach off and on for much of today, trying to coerce it into working as specified and have been completely unable to reproduce the results in columns E, F & G using something that meets ALL 3 of the above criteria.

Make your brains hurt and give it a go.