Welcome to the Board.
INDEX when range is Matrix works along the lines of:
In your formula you have the row / column formulae transposed, ie you're calculating:
Given you have more rows than columns you end up referencing cells outside of your matrix, eg:
E15 evaluates to: =INDEX(F2:G5,1,4)
this is referencing 1st row and 4th column of range F2:G15, this will generate a #REF error given your range has only 2 columns (there is no column 4).
Your formula then should read:
E9: =INDEX($F$2:$G$5,MATCH(D9,$E$2:$E$5,0),MATCH(C9,$F$1:$G$1,0))
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