X-axis dates longer than y-axis values which are not na(). Results in messed up chart.

I am not sure what your question really is, so it is unfortunate that you cannot explain it better.

What I see is that all of column H is N/A, because the MAX() function that looks at column F returns N/A, because there are N/A's at the end of this column and the MAX() function does not ignore error values. Column F returns N/A error when column E has N/A N/A text string. Perhaps change the formula in column F so that it returns a text string instead of the N/A errors. Then the MAX function can ignore the those values and return a correct Max value.

Now I see the problem. Unfortunately, I do not immediately see a solution.

You should not be up against any Excel limits that I am aware of. A few observations:

1) If I filter the data so it starts in 2008, then it appears to plot all of the data. As I add the years before 2008, it starts to cut off the later data.
2) If I copy and paste the three columns (A, G, K) and paste as values in a new sheet, it seems to plot all the data without difficulty or error.
3) If I delete the third data series, it seems to plot all of the data.

I have no explanation at this point.

Your data ranges are not the same size as the category ranges. If you adjust that, the chart should be fine.

I don't see the problem. You can use named ranges - they just need to all be the same size.

Create a named range for the categories, then define all the other ranges as an OFFSET from that range. That way they will all be the same size.