Welcome to the forum.
There isn't any custom formatting for 'make this a letter' (unlike 'make this a number' which can use '0' or '?' or '#' depending on what's needed).
You can specify a particular letter, but not 'this must be letter, any letter'.
It's also worth noting that custom formatting only changes how Excel displays a number; it doesn't change how the number is actually stored.
For example, if you format AB123 as A-B-12-3 then copy the cell and paste it into Notepad, you'll get AB123, not A-B-12-3.
Taking both of those points, if you want to enter the code without hyphens and have Excel enter the hyphens, it would be best to do this in another column.
If you have your first code (without hyphens) in cell A2, put this in cell B2:
Then drag it down as far as you need.
It works like this:LEFT(A2,3) = take the first 3 characters of A2
&"-"& = add a hyphen
MID(A2,4,3) = starting at character 4, take another three characters
repeat similarly for the other middle parts before finishing with
RIGHT(A2,4) = take the last 4 characters of A2
If the FTH-DSA-XX part stays exactly the same for all codes, then you could just enter the part after that in column A:01FFA1200
and use this in column B instead:
Regarding your last issue, if there's a pattern to the changes from XX to ZZ etc, then it might be possible to semi-automate this (perhaps using IF statements or something) but we'd need to know the logic (i.e. the pattern) behind it.
Hope that helps.
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