Calculating X axis of a graph using a varying parameters

I'm not sure why you are resistant to the idea of designing a spreadsheet so that you make copies of the desired calculation. When I want to calculate "y" at multiple given "x" values (no matter how complicated y=f(x) might be), I almost always prefer to arrange the spreadsheet in a way that I can program the calculation once (usually into a single row or column), then make copies of the row/column.

Having programmed the spreadsheet as it is, probably the easiest way to get what you want without revisiting the design of the spreadsheet is a data table: https://www.excel-easy.com/examples/data-tables.html You should be able to use the information in G2:G4 to create a column of velocities, then build a data table that will calculate thrust at each of those velocities.