Index/Match Left/Right With inconsistent string length/order

I would like to use INDEX/MATCH to look up values based on the combination of characters in a cell, but LEFT/RIGHT will not work because the length/order of characters is not consistent. Specifically:

I have a set of scores for a competition which consist of up to 3 characters:

A number (1-5), a modifier (+/-), and a category (A/B)

For example:
5+A
3-B
2-A

The number is always present, but the modifier and/or category are often omitted..

5A (no + or - in between)
2+ (no category A/B)
3 (no modifier or category)

Note that there is NOT a blank space in place of omitted characters. A score of 5 is simply 5 (not 5[space][space]). (I tried using a placeholder for omitted characters but this resulted in a LOT of data entry errors when entering many scores rapidly).

I would like to use INDEX/MATCH to look up values based on these scores in a table similar to the one below. Since the modifier and/or category may be omitted in any combination, I can't do a simple LEFT / RIGHT.

Any suggestions for how to make this happen? I'm imagine there's an obvious solution right under my nose and I'm just overthinking...

Thank you.

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you could join the index together so as not to have a helper if you wanted
something like
=INDEX($D$2:$F$14,MATCH($H$1,INDEX($A$2:$A$101&$B$2:$B$101&$C$2:$C$101,0),0),COLUMN(A1))
but concatenating in a helper column is no bad thing and often is easier and understandable when you look back and try and remember hoe you did it!