If coulour then value?

Hi everyone!

I am actually struggling with this:
In my worksheet cells are devided by colors, cells containing types of apples are marked with yellow (so I have "Golden Delicious" in the cell and the cell is yellow meaning it is an apple), sorts of cherries are marked with red...etc, but the word "apple" or "cherry" is not contained in the sheet, only colors...
And I need to sum all the quantities of apples that meet certain criteria... So I need to define the criterion.. and I need to do something like sum all the yellow cells that meet certain criteria, or sum all the apples that meet the criteria... So I need either a function that is able to take color as a value or that will convert a color to value... So the exact opposite of conditional formatting... Any idea?

Thank you a lot!!
Red1