Let me say first that I have actually worked extensively with panes but I confess that I've glossed over some points discussed below. I am starting to grasp that I have a fundamental misconception which will be illustrated below: that the pane .ScrollColumn (& row) does NOT represent what you see when you look in the upper left corner of the pane. That is, not always.

I have several questions about what happens when you set a pane's scrollcolumn. The most efficient way to present them all is to ask you to step through the code below with F8 and watch the VBA Immediate Window (the "debug window"). I took great care to do debug.print and comment what's happening and what's strange.

If someone can kindly step through the code and answer the questions in the code comments, while paying attention to the immediate window, it would be very helpful to more firmly understanding just how panes work.

(Note, there are no frozen panes here, which would change things a bit. Actually one thing would be simplified for the topics here, that only the lower or the lower right pane can be active, or can be changed, while .freezepanes is true.)
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I will say one thing that I am sensing about panes with 4 nonfrozen split windows: that you can only change .scrollColumn on panes 1 and 4, and 2 and 3 just stay in unison.

Another thing, that it seems that when you activate a pane, Excel insists on scrolling as needed
in order to make the pane's active cell in the .VisibleRange. If you do F6 four times in a row,
you'll see each of the active cells. That seems to be "temporarily" overridable when you do a
big scroll, but as soon as you reactivate the pane (e.g. go F6, shift-F6) it will undo the big scroll.

Did I say that right? Can I say, there are 4 active cells on a 4 paned sheet, of which the activesheet.activecell is determined by the active pane?

Thanks for what explanation of panes and scrollcolumns you can give.

BTW, I have no problem understanding scrollrows in analogy. I'm just sticking to columns to make things a little more concise.