Filter large database using Advanced Filter

I have a project I'm trying to do for work. I have a catalog of about 280 entries (this will grow) with 8 columns each. Each row is numbered sequentially in the left-most column, and my goal is to have a user be able to type in a number in a separate field in order to populate an entire row with the rest of the data from that row. For example:

Number   Color   Animal   Shape   State
   1     Green     Dog    Square    WI 
   2     Blue     Bird              WA
   3     Blue      Cat    Circle    CA

If the user would enter a 2 in the field, the rest of that row would auto-fill a blank row with the rest of the data (Blue, Bird, , WA). On top of this, I would like to make it so the user could enter any value from any of the columns and that would also fill the rest of the row data in the blank row. Here's what I mean:

Enter a number:   2              Enter a color:  
Resulting row:     
Number   Color   Animal   Shape   State
   2     Blue     Bird              WA

To make this even more complicated, some of the cells in the columns have the same value (like the color Blue), and I want to make it so that if the user were to enter the value Blue, all the rows with Blue in them would be auto-filled in the blank rows:

Enter a number:                   Enter a color:  Blue
Resulting rows:
Number   Color   Animal   Shape   State
   2     Blue     Bird              WA
   3     Blue      Cat    Circle    CA

I have tried using functions to make this happen, but I am running into quite a few issues. I have played with macros to accomplish this, but I'm short on time and am hitting too many walls.

Any help would be GREATLY appreciated, and I will try to better explain this project if I need to.