Help with the correct chart choice!

It's not clear to me what kind of chart you want. However, the overall procedure I see for creating a chart:

1) Your sample file only shows raw data values, and you indicate that you want your chart to show something about how often/frequently values occur. I find that many charting questions are really about how to get the desired summary values in the spreadsheet. The first step will be to create the desired summary data -- in this case, it appears that you want to count how many times each value occurs in the raw data. I would expect to use either a COUNTIFS() function, a FREQUENCY() function, or a pivot table for this.
2) Once you have the summary data generated, then you need to arrange it in the spreadsheet. You indicate that you want the most frequent value in the center of the chart and moving outward from there. Other than scatter charts, Excel charts will arrange data along the horizontal axis in the same order as they are presented in the spreadsheet.
3) After you have computed the summary data and arranged it, then insert the desired chart type. If you have done well at step 2, the chart should require minimal adjustment after creation.

Which step do you need help with?