Formula to return text in adjacent cell

Hi,
I'm trying to save myself typing, and here is what I want to do to this work sheet. (Two possibilities..)

1. If I could sort and paste the text I want in the adjacent cells that would be great...but I can't undo only the sort after copying and pasting, can I?

Or

2. Is there a formula that would for example if cell B2 was "Hello" then A2 would automatically insert a word of my choice throughout the rest of the whole worksheet? Or if "Hello" was in this cell, the text I want returned would be in the cell to its left?

Thank you,
JB

Here's what I'm trying to do...I've fat fingered 160 pages of 300 I need done, but my finger tips are about to bleed :-) Anyway, for example if I type "shi" in B1 I would like the Japanese character to fill in A1 and so forth...something like this:

A B
1 し shi
2 きょ kyo
3 nan
4 ji

It would be so much easier to sort and then paste all the characters in, but the problem is that after pasting all the characters in I can't just undo the osrt without first undoing everything I pasted...at least I can't see how anyway.
Thanks,
Jack