Finding the closet two numbers

Assuming the numbers are listed in ascending order and are in range A2:A9, then try:

For 1st Number:

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and

for next number

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both formulas must be confirmed with CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER not just ENTER. You will see { } brackets appear.

After any adjustments to the formula you must reconfirm with CSE keys

See attachment for sample.

If the numbers are in column A in sequential number, then you could use

=MAX(A2)-MIN(A1) copy down the column

Perhaps you can use a helper column that relists your numbers in sequential order, then you can apply my previous formulas to the new range.

Use formula: =Small($A$2:$A$1000,Row(A1)) copied down to get the reordered list... adjust range to suit.

Or this in column B

=A1-SMALL(A:A,1) copied down

I'm not sure if you're looking for the 2 closest values or the smallest difference between the 2 closest values.

If your data is in A1:A10

NOTE: Array formulas are committed with CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER, instead of just ENTER.

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Using your posted data:
C1 returns 1
C2 returns 152
C3 returns 153

Is that something you can work with?