Drop down list determines results in other cells

Hi and welcome to the forum

vlookup() is actually pretty simple to understand, and very useful once you understand it.

It consists of pretty much 3 parts (with 1 extra to determine how the search is done)...
=VLOOKUP(what-you-want-to-find,range-to-search-in,column-that-contains-the-match,FALSE) FALSE is for finding an exact match
=VLOOKUP(
what-you-want-to-find...this can be a word "word", a number 20 or a cell reference A1
range-to-search-in...this generally needs to be at least 2 columns wide and can be as many rows (and columns) as you need it to be C2:F10
column-that-contains-the-match...this is the column that contains the data you want to return, relative to the info you are searching for, this needs to be a number (number of columns from C), say 3, which would be column E - 3 columns from C
FALSE FALSE is for finding an exact match, TRUE is for a sorted list, it will return the next smallest if no exact match is found

As far as the "table of outcomes" is concerned, this is just a fancy term for a table that contains the data you are searching for, and the info you want returned, based on that search....

	I	J
33	Quote #	Quote Amount
34	496	$ 250.00
35	500	$ 189.80
36	580	$ 623.00
37	500	$ 540.00
38	588	$ 122.00
39	500	$ 500.00

so search for quote # 588 and tell me how much the quote amount was...
=VLOOKUP(588,$I$34:$J$39,2,0)

Hope that clears a few things up for you?