As mentioned it comes down to the recurring pattern of your tables.
To use a simplistic example...:
4 columns of data
A & C hold a text value of either "X" or "Y"
B & D hold various numeric values
We want to get the sum of all "X" values but rather than use:
we use:
The SUMIF will look for "X" in each used cell within A:C range and where found include the adjacent value in the optional range to sum. This is viable because we know "X" will not appear in column B (and furthermore we assume C does not hold numerics)
edit:
It is also important to note that each range within the SUMIF shares the same dimension (explicitly or otherwise) - this is why we end up with 4 SUMIFS in your case as we can not have a summation range whose dimensions exceed that of the criteria (1 column)
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