splitting an array into columns based on criteria

Perhaps something like this?

Try this.....

In J4

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and copy across to N4.

In J5 (Array Formula)

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Copy across to N5 and down as far as needed.

Yes. COUNTIF($I$4:I4,$G$5:$G$26) (which provides an array of 1 and 0) here works as an array portion of Index formula which provides a lookup array to the Match function where Match function finds the position of first 0 value from the lookup array which in turn return the row number to the outer Index function.
Sorry I am not very good in explaining.
The best way to understand is to evaluate the formula several times for different cells in the formula bar itself by selecting the portion of a formula and pressing F9 (when done, press Esc) and see what values are being returned.

Refer to the Sheet attached in post#3.
The formula in J4 which is copied to N4 is one which extracts the unique values from col. G (G5:G26). It is returning the unique values horizontally.
If you want to return the unique values from the col. G vertically, try this formula.....

In P4

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and then drag down until you get blank cells.

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