OK...I think you are getting there. The answer to your last question is "No". because if you change your year to a year before 2025 if will not work.

Your formula will need to be different for the first year (2020) but for 2021 the formula will be the same (i.e. for 2021 - 2039) in each column.
This is what I have in D10
=IF($A10<$B$7,(C10+$B$2)*(1+$B$5),$B$2*(1+$B$5))

...and this for D11
=IF($A11<$B$7,($C11+D10)*(1+$B$5),D10*(1+$B$5))

Very similar but the first is based around your initial balance but the rest of the column is based around your previous years balance.
This means the D11, being a generic formula can be dragged down the rest of the columns.

You need to do a similar thing for your Stocks column. This will be easier because there is always an opening balance of zero on this account.