Turning Data into a Different Array

This is unpivoting action, and the easiest way to do it is with Power Query (you've got it built into your version of Excel).
1) select your input table (you could also just make one of it's cells active, Excel shall guess where data is)
2) from Data ribbon, Get and Transform DAta group select From TAble/Range
3) agree to prompts, then select all but first column, and from Transform Ribbon, Any Column Group select Unpivot
4) you may change column names and then click in Home Ribbon on Close and Load
and that's it
You may change data in Source worksheet in attachment then right click on data and select refresh to see changes in Output worksheet